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Related Concept Videos

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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
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Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
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Cognitive Functioning in Turner Syndrome: Addressing Deficits Through Academic Accommodation.

Gabrielle E Reimann1, Leora E Comis1, Martha M Bernad Perman1

  • 1Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Women'S Health Reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.)
|July 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Females with Turner syndrome show cognitive deficits, particularly in visuospatial and memory functions. Academic accommodations are increasingly available but a gap persists between need and receipt, especially for older adults.

Keywords:
accommodationscognitioneducational attainmentsupport services

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Turner syndrome, a genetic condition from X-chromosome alterations, is linked to specific cognitive deficits.
  • Limited research exists on how these cognitive challenges impact academic settings and accommodations for affected individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cognitive functioning in females with Turner syndrome.
  • To examine the accessibility and development of academic accommodations across adolescence and adulthood.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study at the National Institutes of Health involving 142 females with Turner syndrome (ages 10-68).
  • Cognitive function assessed in adults (n=101) using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status.
  • Data analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-sample comparisons, and ANOVAs.

Main Results:

  • Females with Turner syndrome demonstrated significantly lower visuospatial, delayed memory, and overall cognitive functioning compared to norms.
  • 25.9% with deficits reported no need for accommodations; 12.7% of older adults (30+) reported needing but not receiving them.

Conclusions:

  • Academic accommodation procurement has improved over time.
  • A notable gap exists between identified cognitive deficits and the receipt of necessary academic support.
  • Identifying commonly used accommodations can help target specific deficits for students and professionals.