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Internal Structure, Reliability and Invariance across Gender Using the Multidimensional School Climate Scale PACE-33.

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This study validated the PACE-33 scale, a new Spanish measure for school climate. The scale reliably assesses adolescents' perception of school climate and is equivalent for male and female students.

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internal structureinvariancereliabilityschool climateself-report

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Area of Science:

  • Educational Psychology
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • School climate significantly impacts educational efficiency and quality.
  • Existing Spanish measures for school climate lack comprehensive validation.
  • There is a need for a reliable and valid instrument to assess school climate in Spanish-speaking adolescents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the internal structure and reliability of the Students' Perception of School Climate scale (PACE-33).
  • To examine the measurement and structural invariance of the PACE-33 across genders.
  • To provide a validated Spanish instrument for assessing adolescent school climate perception.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 1180 adolescents (mean age 15.37 years) participated.
  • Incidental sampling was used for participant selection.
  • Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to assess the scale's internal structure and invariance.

Main Results:

  • The nine-correlated-factor model demonstrated the best fit to the data.
  • The PACE-33 scale exhibited adequate internal consistency indices.
  • The scale's measurement and structure were found to be equivalent between male and female adolescents.

Conclusions:

  • The PACE-33 scale is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring school climate perception in adolescents.
  • The findings support the use of the PACE-33 for evaluating school climate in Spanish-speaking populations.
  • The scale's invariance across genders enhances its utility in diverse adolescent groups.