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Related Concept Videos

Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

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The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
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Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

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In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Catalytic Scavenging of Plant Reactive Oxygen Species In Vivo by Anionic Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles
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Antioxidant Functionalized Nanoparticles: A Combat against Oxidative Stress.

Harsh Kumar1, Kanchan Bhardwaj2, Eugenie Nepovimova3

  • 1School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Antioxidant functionalized nanoparticles offer a novel solution to combat oxidative stress, overcoming the bioavailability challenges of traditional antioxidants. This approach enhances cellular protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage.

Keywords:
antioxidantsbiological nano-antioxidantsnanoparticlesoxidative stress

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Abiotic stresses induce reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing cellular damage and diseases.
  • Conventional antioxidants face bioavailability issues like poor absorption and degradation.
  • Nanoparticles as antioxidants are underutilized, with limited exploration of nanomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review antioxidant functionalized nanoparticles for enhanced ROS scavenging.
  • To explore the synergistic potential of natural antioxidants and biogenic nanoparticles.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of antioxidant-empowered nanoparticles against oxidative stress.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on antioxidant functionalized nanoparticles.
  • Analysis of antioxidant properties of secondary metabolites from biological sources (algae, bacteria, fungi, lichens, plants).
  • Investigation of biogenic nanoparticles for enhanced antioxidant delivery and efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Antioxidant functionalized nanoparticles demonstrate improved biocompatibility, stability, and targeted delivery.
  • Biogenic nanoparticles combined with natural antioxidants show superior antioxidant potential.
  • These novel nanoparticles effectively scavenge free radicals and mitigate ROS-induced damage.

Conclusions:

  • Antioxidant functionalized nanoparticles represent a promising strategy to overcome antioxidant limitations.
  • Biogenic nanoparticles offer a stable and effective platform for antioxidant delivery.
  • Further research into these synergistic systems can lead to advanced therapeutic strategies for oxidative stress-related conditions.