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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer
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Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer

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DNA Methylation and Bladder Cancer: Where Genotype does not Predict Phenotype.

Amit Sharma1, Heiko Reutter1, Jörg Ellinger1

  • 11Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany; 2Department of Neurology, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany; 3Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; 4Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; 5Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.

Current Genomics
|July 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bladder cancer (BC) and DNA methylation are linked, but methylation markers show poor clinical performance. Further research is needed to understand variations and subtype-specific methylation patterns for improved BC diagnosis.

Keywords:
Bladder cancerDNA methylationcancer biomarkersepigeneticgenotypephenotype

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The link between Bladder cancer (BC) and DNA methylation was first observed nearly 30 years ago.
  • Recent research has deepened the understanding of the mechanisms connecting BC and DNA methylation.
  • However, the clinical utility of DNA methylation markers for BC remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically discuss the mediocre performance of current DNA methylation markers in clinical settings for Bladder cancer.
  • To address the need for understanding inter-individual methylation variations in BC.
  • To explore the knowledge gaps regarding methylation fingerprints in distinct histological subtypes of BC.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on DNA methylation and Bladder cancer.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to methylation marker performance.
  • Discussion of methylation patterns in different BC subtypes.

Main Results:

  • Significant advancements in understanding the BC-DNA methylation connection.
  • Persistent challenges with the clinical applicability of DNA methylation markers.
  • Identification of critical knowledge gaps concerning methylation variations and subtype specificity.

Conclusions:

  • The clinical performance of DNA methylation markers in Bladder cancer requires significant improvement.
  • Further investigation into inter-individual variations and subtype-specific methylation is crucial.
  • Future research should focus on elucidating the cascade of epigenetic events driving cancer-specific methylation patterns.