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Updated: Dec 15, 2025

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Gastrointestinal organoids: a next-generation tool for modeling human development.

Akaljot Singh1,2, Holly M Poling1, Jason R Spence3,4,5

  • 1Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.

American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
|July 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Gastrointestinal organoids, derived from stem cells, model human gut development and disease. Further maturation requires transplantation, offering insights into GI tract development and personalized therapies.

Keywords:
disease modelingenteroidgastrointestinal developmenthuman intestinal organoidstem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Gastrointestinal organoids are 3D models derived from pluripotent stem cells.
  • They mimic the structure and physiology of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
  • These organoids offer a platform for studying GI development and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore signaling pathways crucial for early GI organ maturation in vitro.
  • To investigate mechanisms of human GI tract development through transplantation-induced maturation.
  • To establish organoids as a model for human intestinal diseases and personalized therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of gastrointestinal organoids from definitive endoderm.
  • In vitro culture and characterization of organoid development.
  • Transplantation into immunocompromised hosts for advanced maturation.

Main Results:

  • Organoids recapitulate GI tract physiology and microscopic anatomy.
  • In vitro derivation allows study of initial organ maturation signaling.
  • Transplantation enables further maturation beyond the early fetal stage.

Conclusions:

  • Gastrointestinal organoids are valuable tools for studying human GI development and physiology.
  • Transplantation-induced maturation is key for functional interrogation of GI development.
  • Organoids hold potential for modeling diseases and developing personalized intestinal therapies.