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Compact diaphragm-based optical accelerometers with µg/√Hz resolution.

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    A new fiber accelerometer achieves high resolution for aircraft navigation. This compact sensor uses a micro-fabricated interferometer on a diaphragm to detect minute vibrations, enabling precise measurements.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Sensor Technology
    • Inertial Navigation

    Background:

    • Aircraft navigation demands accelerometers with exceptional resolution.
    • Existing accelerometer technologies may face limitations in size, sensitivity, or noise floor.
    • Fiber optic sensors offer potential advantages in harsh environments and remote sensing applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report a compact fiber accelerometer meeting stringent resolution requirements for aircraft navigation.
    • To demonstrate a novel detection mechanism for extremely weak acceleration-induced vibrations.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a micro-fabricated two-wave interferometer with a π/2 biasing step on a spring-loaded diaphragm.
    • Employed a single-mode fiber to deliver a laser beam for interrogating the interferometer.
    • Characterized sensor performance, including flat-band sensitivity and bandwidth.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a measured flat-band sensitivity with a bandwidth of 10.7 kHz.
    • Demonstrated a resolution of 13µg/√Hz at 100 Torr, limited by thermo-mechanical noise.
    • Further improved resolution to 712ng/√Hz at 20 mTorr, showcasing high sensitivity.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed compact fiber accelerometer meets critical resolution requirements for aircraft navigation.
    • The micro-fabricated interferometer design effectively detects weak acceleration-induced vibrations.
    • This technology presents a promising solution for high-precision inertial sensing.