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Thermal Ablation for the Treatment of Abdominal Tumors

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Algorithmically Controlled Electroporation: A Technique for Closed Loop Temperature Regulated Pulsed Electric Field

Ross Aaron Petrella, Christopher C Fesmire, Jacob D Kaufman

IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering

|July 17, 2020

Summary

A new closed-loop feedback algorithm precisely controls temperature during pulsed electric field treatments, improving ablation outcomes. This temperature-based control allows for targeted hyperthermia, enhancing treatment efficacy for conditions like glioblastoma.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Oncology
Medical Physics

Background:

Pulsed electric field (PEF) treatments are used for tissue ablation.
Current PEF protocols often overlook temperature effects, potentially limiting efficacy.
Glioblastoma models are crucial for evaluating novel ablation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the impact of a closed-loop, temperature-based feedback algorithm on pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment outcomes.
To investigate the feasibility of achieving specific hyperthermic conditions using active temperature feedback during PEF ablation.
To evaluate the influence of controlled temperature increases on ablation size and biological response.

Main Methods:

A 3D glioblastoma tumor model was used to test bipolar waveforms (2 μs duration).
Open-loop and closed-loop protocols were compared, with closed-loop evaluating temperature increases of 5–22 °C above baseline.
A closed-loop algorithm modulated pulse delay to maintain stable target temperatures, overcoming Joule heating limitations.

Main Results:

Closed-loop treatments resulted in ablation diameters that differed from open-loop treatments, generally producing smaller lesions.
Steady-state hyperthermia at 42 °C was achieved, which was not feasible with open-loop systems.
Treatments at 37 °C (11.8 ± 0.3 mm) showed significantly larger ablations (20% increase, p < 0.0001) compared to baseline 20 °C (9.9 ± 0.3 mm), indicating a thermally mediated response.

Conclusions:

A closed-loop temperature feedback algorithm was successfully demonstrated for PEF treatments.
Algorithmic control enables precise temperature management, allowing investigation of thermal effects in PEF ablation.
Findings suggest that PEF ablation outcomes, even with microsecond pulses, can be thermally mediated and dependent on tissue temperature, supporting in vivo studies with temperature control.