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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Non-Invasive Monitoring of Microvascular Oxygenation and Reactive Hyperemia using Hybrid, Near-Infrared Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for Critical Care
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COVID-19 Sepsis and Microcirculation Dysfunction.

Antonio Colantuoni1, Romeo Martini2, Patrizia Caprari3

  • 1Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.

Frontiers in Physiology
|July 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

COVID-19, a pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, leads to severe complications like cytokine storm and endothelial dysfunction. These contribute to fatal outcomes through multi-organ failure, emphasizing microcirculatory dysfunction

Keywords:
COVID-19angiotensin IIendothelial cellsmicrocirculationthromboxane (TxB2)

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Area of Science:

  • * Virology and Immunology
  • * Pathophysiology of Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • * The global spread of Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in significant mortality and morbidity worldwide.
  • * While many COVID-19 patients exhibit mild symptoms, a substantial percentage develop severe complications, including Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
  • * Critically ill patients often experience a rapid and fatal disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To summarize current data on COVID-19 pathogenesis.
  • * To highlight the roles of cytokine storm and endothelial dysfunction in severe cases.
  • * To emphasize the significance of microcirculatory dysfunction in COVID-19 progression.

Main Methods:

  • * Review and synthesis of data from multiple countries.
  • * Analysis of clinical presentations and outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
  • * Focus on pathogenetic mechanisms in severely ill individuals.

Main Results:

  • * Severe COVID-19 is characterized by cytokine storm (CS) and endothelial dysfunction.
  • * Endothelial dysfunction triggers a pro-coagulant state, leading to disseminated intravascular coagulation.
  • * This cascade results in organ embolization and subsequent multi-organ failure (MOF).

Conclusions:

  • * Microcirculatory dysfunction is a key pathogenetic mechanism in severe COVID-19.
  • * Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for managing the global health challenge posed by COVID-19.
  • * The Italian Society of Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation aims to advance this understanding.