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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization
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Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization

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Emergence of Selective Social Referencing in Infancy.

Tricia Striano1, Philippe Rochat1

  • 1Department of Psychology Emory University.

Infancy : the Official Journal of the International Society on Infant Studies
|July 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

By 10 months, infants look to a person for social cues in ambiguous situations, but only when the person is attending to them. Seven-month-olds look regardless of attention.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental psychology
  • Infant social cognition

Background:

  • Infants use social referencing to interpret ambiguous situations.
  • Early social referencing relies on caregiver attention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how infant social referencing develops between 7 and 10 months.
  • To examine the role of experimenter attention in infant social referencing.

Main Methods:

  • Infants (7 and 10 months) observed a barking toy dog.
  • Experimenter attended or looked away during barking events.
  • Infant looking behavior toward the experimenter was recorded.

Main Results:

  • Seven-month-olds looked at the experimenter after barking, irrespective of attention.

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  • Ten-month-olds looked at the experimenter only when the experimenter was attending.
  • This indicates a developmental shift in social referencing.

    • Conclusions:

    • By 10 months, infants selectively use social referencing based on caregiver attention.
    • This selective referencing suggests the emergence of an intentional stance.
    • Developmental changes in social referencing emerge by 10 months of age.