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Coronaviruses in cattle
Jaka Jakob Hodnik1, Jožica Ježek1, Jože Starič2
1Veterinary Faculty, Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals - Section for Ruminants, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Tropical Animal Health and Production
|July 19, 2020
Summary
Bovine coronavirus causes enteric and respiratory diseases in cattle worldwide. Prevention focuses on vaccination, biosecurity, and hygiene, as effective treatments are limited.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Animal Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Bovine coronaviruses (BCV) are globally distributed pathogens in cattle.
- BCV infection presents as enteric disease (calf diarrhea, winter dysentery) or respiratory illness.
- The role of BCV in respiratory disease remains debated due to inconsistent isolation from sick and healthy animals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of bovine coronavirus infections.
- To cover epidemiology, taxonomy, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, therapy, economic impact, and prevention.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing research on bovine coronaviruses.
- Discussion of diagnostic approaches including serological and molecular methods.
- Analysis of current therapeutic and preventative strategies.
Main Results:
- Bovine coronavirus infection is characterized by high morbidity and low mortality.
- Laboratory diagnosis relies on serological and molecular techniques.
- Effective antiviral drugs are unavailable; treatment is supportive.
Conclusions:
- Prevention strategies are crucial, including vaccination, biosecurity, management, and hygiene.
- Further research may clarify the role of BCV in respiratory infections.
- Control of bovine coronavirus relies on integrated management and preventative measures.
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