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Adult age differences in implicit and explicit memory: time course and encoding effects.

C Chiarello1, W J Hoyer

  • 1Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, New York 13244-2340.

Psychology and Aging
|December 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
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Older adults show declines in implicit memory, performing worse than young adults on memory tasks. Some older adults struggled to use implicit information for explicit recall, indicating age-related memory changes.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience of Aging

Background:

  • Memory performance often declines with age.
  • Distinguishing between implicit and explicit memory is crucial for understanding cognitive aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in implicit and explicit memory.
  • To examine how memory retrieval is affected by aging and task type.

Main Methods:

  • Participants (young and older adults) completed word-stem completion (implicit) and cued recall (explicit) tasks.
  • Testing occurred at three different time delays after word judgments (semantic or structural).

Main Results:

  • Young adults consistently outperformed older adults on both implicit and explicit memory tasks.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Older adults showed a greater deficit in cued recall compared to stem completion under certain conditions.

    • Conclusions:

    • Normal aging is associated with a decline in certain forms of implicit memory.
    • Older adults may have difficulty accessing or utilizing implicitly stored information for explicit remembering.