Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

1.9K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
1.9K
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

2.9K
Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
2.9K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

14.3K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
14.3K
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

8.3K
The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
8.3K
Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

3.8K
Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
3.8K
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

82.8K
Overview
82.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Autophagy and Bacterial infections.

Autophagy reports·2025
Same author

Roles of endothelial cells during infection.

Current opinion in immunology·2025
Same author

Interleukin-23 p19 and Interleukin-12 p40, Head-to-Head, against Gut Inflammation.

The New England journal of medicine·2024
Same author

Modulating microbiome-immune axis in the deployment-related chronic diseases of Veterans: report of an expert meeting.

Gut microbes·2023
Same author

ScRNA-seq defines dynamic T-cell subsets in longitudinal colon and peripheral blood samples in immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis.

Journal for immunotherapy of cancer·2023
Same author

IL-12 and IL-23 pathway inhibition in inflammatory bowel disease.

Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Immunoblot Analysis of Endogenous IRF5 Dimerization
08:57

Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Immunoblot Analysis of Endogenous IRF5 Dimerization

Published on: October 6, 2019

10.5K

Myeloid Cell-Intrinsic IRF5 Promotes T Cell Responses through Multiple Distinct Checkpoints In Vivo, and IRF5

Jie Yan1, Matija Hedl1, Clara Abraham2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|July 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) in myeloid cells controls T cell responses by regulating immune cell trafficking and cytokine production. Genetic variants in IRF5 impact immune-mediated diseases by altering these critical T cell checkpoints.

More Related Videos

Vasodilation of Isolated Vessels and the Isolation of the Extracellular Matrix of Tight-skin Mice
08:09

Vasodilation of Isolated Vessels and the Isolation of the Extracellular Matrix of Tight-skin Mice

Published on: March 24, 2017

8.4K
A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3
11:44

A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3

Published on: January 24, 2016

12.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Immunoblot Analysis of Endogenous IRF5 Dimerization
08:57

Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Immunoblot Analysis of Endogenous IRF5 Dimerization

Published on: October 6, 2019

10.5K
Vasodilation of Isolated Vessels and the Isolation of the Extracellular Matrix of Tight-skin Mice
08:09

Vasodilation of Isolated Vessels and the Isolation of the Extracellular Matrix of Tight-skin Mice

Published on: March 24, 2017

8.4K
A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3
11:44

A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3

Published on: January 24, 2016

12.3K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Genetic variants in Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 (IRF5) are linked to immune-mediated diseases.
  • IRF5's role in myeloid cells and its impact on T cell outcomes are not fully understood.
  • Interindividual variability in pattern-recognition receptor (PRR)-induced cytokines is influenced by IRF5.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how myeloid cell-intrinsic IRF5 regulates T cell outcomes in vivo.
  • To define IRF5-dependent mechanisms controlling distinct T cell checkpoints.
  • To explore the impact of IRF5 genetic risk variants on immune cell function.

Main Methods:

  • Adoptive T cell transfer into Irf5-deficient mice.
  • Analysis of T cell trafficking, antigen uptake, costimulatory molecule expression, and cytokine secretion.
  • Genetic deletion of IRF5 in myeloid cells and complementation studies with IL-12 and IL-23.
  • Comparison of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells from IRF5 risk variant carriers.

Main Results:

  • T cell-extrinsic IRF5 regulates T cell trafficking, antigen uptake, and cytokine production by myeloid cells.
  • IRF5 is essential for PRR-induced MAPK and NF-κB activation in myeloid cells.
  • Myeloid cell-specific IRF5 deletion phenocopies global Irf5 deficiency.
  • IL-12 and IL-23 can restore T cell differentiation in the absence of myeloid IRF5.
  • Human cells with higher IRF5 expression show enhanced antigen uptake and immune cell activation.

Conclusions:

  • Myeloid cell IRF5 is a critical regulator of multiple T cell activation and differentiation checkpoints.
  • IRF5-dependent mechanisms in myeloid cells significantly influence T cell immunity.
  • IRF5 genetic risk variants contribute to disease susceptibility by modulating these immune checkpoints.