Hemangioma-related syndromes

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Dermatology
• Vascular Anomalies
• Genetics and Syndromology

Background:

• Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are common benign vascular tumors in infants.
• Complications and associated anomalies require careful clinical evaluation.
• Syndromic associations of IH are increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent clinical advances in syndromes associated with segmental infantile hemangiomas.
• To highlight the importance of recognizing visceral hemangiomatosis.
• To discuss diagnostic and screening recommendations for associated anomalies.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on infantile hemangiomas and associated syndromes.
• Analysis of clinical findings and diagnostic criteria for PHACE and LUMBAR syndromes.
• Discussion of the clinical implications of visceral hemangiomatosis.

Main Results:

• Longitudinal studies improve diagnosis and screening for PHACE and LUMBAR syndromes.
• Characterization of a wider spectrum of anomalies aids in classifying at-risk patients.
• Visceral hemangiomatosis recognition is crucial, with potential links to consumptive hypothyroidism.

Conclusions:

• Clinicians must be aware of syndromic complications of IH.
• Segmental hemangiomas, especially in the head/neck (PHACE) or lower body (LUMBAR), signal potential developmental anomalies.
• Visceral hemangiomas, often hepatic, may lead to heart failure or consumptive hypothyroidism.