Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Mechanism01:13

Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Mechanism

9.3K
Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to yield esters via an acid-catalyzed condensation reaction called Fischer esterification. This is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction that proceeds via a tetrahedral intermediate, where a water molecule is eliminated as the leaving group.
9.3K
Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis01:13

Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis

3.8K
Hydrolysis of esters under acidic conditions proceeds through a nucleophilic acyl substitution. In the presence of excess water, the reaction proceeds in a reversible manner, forming carboxylic acids and alcohols.
During hydrolysis, the ester is first activated towards nucleophilic attack through the protonation of the carboxyl oxygen atom by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the ester carbonyl carbon more electrophilic. In the next step, water acts as a nucleophile and adds to the...
3.8K
Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Overview01:20

Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Overview

20.2K
The Fischer esterification reaction was developed by the German chemist Emil Fischer in 1895. It is a condensation reaction between carboxylic acids and alcohols in an acidic medium to give esters and water.
20.2K
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

29.8K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
29.8K
Esters to β-Ketoesters: Claisen Condensation Mechanism01:08

Esters to β-Ketoesters: Claisen Condensation Mechanism

4.5K
Regular Claisen condensation involves the synthesis of β-ketoesters by combining identical ester molecules bearing two α hydrogens in the presence of an alkoxide base. The reaction commences with the deprotonation of the acidic α hydrogen by the base to form a resonance stabilized ester enolate. This nucleophilic ion then attacks the carbonyl center of another ester molecule to generate a tetrahedral alkoxide intermediate. Next, the expulsion of the alkoxide group from the...
4.5K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

2.4K
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
2.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dual regulation of metabolic reprogramming and protein competitive modifications: the core role and mechanism of MRPL36 in glioblastoma malignant progression.

Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR·2026
Same author

A Novel Single-Branched Stent-graft System for Aortic Dissection Involving the Aortic Arch.

The Annals of thoracic surgery·2026
Same author

Endomorphin analogs CEMR-1 and CEMR-2 administered intravenously display potent antinociception with limited tolerance in acute, neuropathic and inflammatory pain.

Neuropharmacology·2026
Same author

Toward Fair Federated Graph Learning.

IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems·2026
Same author

Artificial Humic Acid Derived from Microorganisms Promotes Root Growth of Rice Seedlings by Mediating Microbial Communities.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026
Same author

A Short-Term High-Sugar Diet Induces Glucose Intolerance, Visceral Adipose Tissue Inflammation, and Exacerbates Experimental Allergic Asthma.

Nutrients·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Laboratory Production of Biofuels and Biochemicals from a Rapeseed Oil through Catalytic Cracking Conversion
11:33

Laboratory Production of Biofuels and Biochemicals from a Rapeseed Oil through Catalytic Cracking Conversion

Published on: September 2, 2016

14.2K

Organocatalytic Control over a Fuel-Driven Transient-Esterification Network*.

Michelle P van der Helm1, Chang-Lin Wang1, Bowen Fan1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|July 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists created artificial chemical reaction networks (CRNs) using organocatalysis. This fuel-driven system mimics natural cell communication, controlling polymers and chemical reactions for advanced biomimetic systems.

Keywords:
acetylationchemical reaction networksorganocatalysisout-of-equilibrium systemspolymers

More Related Videos

Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether
09:21

Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether

Published on: August 17, 2019

9.3K
Original Experimental Approach for Assessing Transport Fuel Stability
09:48

Original Experimental Approach for Assessing Transport Fuel Stability

Published on: October 21, 2016

9.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Laboratory Production of Biofuels and Biochemicals from a Rapeseed Oil through Catalytic Cracking Conversion
11:33

Laboratory Production of Biofuels and Biochemicals from a Rapeseed Oil through Catalytic Cracking Conversion

Published on: September 2, 2016

14.2K
Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether
09:21

Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether

Published on: August 17, 2019

9.3K
Original Experimental Approach for Assessing Transport Fuel Stability
09:48

Original Experimental Approach for Assessing Transport Fuel Stability

Published on: October 21, 2016

9.6K

Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Biomimetic Systems
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Cellular communication relies on non-equilibrium biochemical reaction networks (CRNs).
  • Enzyme-controlled CRNs are common in nature, but artificial counterparts are scarce.
  • Artificial systems lack sophisticated catalytic control over chemical reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an artificial fuel-driven CRN with catalytic control.
  • To demonstrate organocatalysis for regulating chemical reactions and polymer behavior.
  • To mimic natural non-equilibrium systems in synthetic contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporated organocatalysis (pyridine and imidazole) into a fuel-driven CRN.
  • Controlled forward (ester formation) and backward (ester hydrolysis) reactions.
  • Expanded the system to a responsive polymer, modulating conformation and aggregation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved full control over ester yield and reaction lifetime using catalyst ratios.
  • Demonstrated tunable polymer conformation and aggregation via fuel and catalyst levels.
  • Successfully replicated non-equilibrium system behavior in an artificial construct.

Conclusions:

  • Organocatalysis provides precise control over artificial fuel-driven systems.
  • This approach enables the creation of responsive macromolecular superstructures.
  • The study advances the design of synthetic systems mimicking biological communication.