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Related Concept Videos

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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 The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses,...
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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Establishing a Mouse Model of a Pure Small Fiber Neuropathy with the Ultrapotent Agonist of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1
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Small Fiber Neuropathy.

David S Saperstein1

  • 1Center for Complex Neurology, EDS & POTS, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1010 East McDowell Road, Suite 101, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA.

Neurologic Clinics
|July 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Small fiber neuropathy diagnosis can be challenging, especially with non-length-dependent symptoms. Skin biopsy for intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) testing is reasonable in fibromyalgia patients, but clinical context is crucial for accurate interpretation.

Keywords:
FibromyalgiaIntraepidermal nerve fiber densityLength-dependent symptomsSmall fiber neuropathy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Dermatology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Small fiber neuropathy (SFN) presents with diverse clinical manifestations.
  • Length-dependent SFN is typically straightforward to diagnose, unlike non-length-dependent or multifocal presentations.
  • Accurate diagnosis of SFN is essential for appropriate patient management.

Observation:

  • Intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) testing via skin biopsy is a valuable tool for SFN diagnosis.
  • The utility of IENFD testing in patients with suspected fibromyalgia requires further investigation.
  • Clinical presentation, history, and physical examination are critical for interpreting IENFD test results.

Findings:

  • Skin biopsy for IENFD testing is a reasonable approach for patients with apparent fibromyalgia.
  • IENFD testing should be avoided when neuropathy diagnosis is already evident or not the cause of symptoms.
  • Pretest probability, alongside clinical assessment, significantly influences the interpretation of IENFD test outcomes.

Implications:

  • IENFD testing can aid in diagnosing challenging SFN cases, particularly when combined with clinical judgment.
  • Avoiding inappropriate IENFD testing prevents diagnostic errors and unnecessary procedures.
  • Integrating clinical data with IENFD results enhances diagnostic accuracy and patient care in small fiber neuropathy.