Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses

41.3K
The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
41.3K
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

4.4K
The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
4.4K
Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

457
Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
457
Applications of Molecular Taxonomy01:20

Applications of Molecular Taxonomy

379
Molecular taxonomy has revolutionized the understanding and classification of bacteria, providing precise insights into their diversity, evolutionary relationships, and ecological roles. By utilizing molecular techniques such as DNA sequencing and fingerprinting, researchers have made significant strides in various fields related to bacterial studies.Resolving Taxonomic AmbiguitiesMolecular taxonomy has been instrumental in distinguishing closely related bacterial species initially thought to...
379
Distribution of Molecular Speeds01:27

Distribution of Molecular Speeds

5.1K
The motion of molecules in a gas is random in magnitude and direction for individual molecules, but a gas of many molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds. This predictable distribution of molecular speeds is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The distribution of molecular speeds in liquids is comparable to that of gases but not identical and can help to understand the phenomenon of the boiling and vapor pressure of a liquid. Consider that a molecule requires a...
5.1K
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

6.7K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
6.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Divergent poxvirus identified in a non-native black rat from Madagascar.

Virology·2026
Same author

Ultrasensitive Hydrogen Sensor Based on a Non-Stoichiometric Tin Oxide Heterojunction for LIB Thermal Runaway Early Monitoring.

ACS sensors·2026
Same author

Rapid centromere turnover and the adaptive radiation of lemurs.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

DSA-DET: a tea disease detection algorithm based on dynamic spatial pyramid and polarized linear attention.

Frontiers in plant science·2026
Same author

Mammal-infecting DNA viruses identified in lemurs and rodents in Madagascar mirror the evolutionary history of their hosts.

Microbial genomics·2026
Same author

IQ-TREE 3: phylogenomic inference software using complex evolutionary models.

Molecular biology and evolution·2026
Same journal

The future of marsupial gene editing: What's in the (tool) pouch?

Trends in genetics : TIG·2026
Same journal

Genetic suppressors as new therapeutic targets for Mendelian diseases.

Trends in genetics : TIG·2026
Same journal

Beyond housekeeping: snRNA diversity, regulation, and human disease.

Trends in genetics : TIG·2026
Same journal

Rethinking mitochondrial metabolism: Intraindividual variability meets population constraints.

Trends in genetics : TIG·2026
Same journal

A role for epigenetics in rapid adaptation.

Trends in genetics : TIG·2026
Same journal

The myth of asexual fungi.

Trends in genetics : TIG·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters
10:38

Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters

Published on: September 27, 2012

22.9K

Molecular Clocks without Rocks: New Solutions for Old Problems.

George P Tiley1, Jelmer W Poelstra1, Mario Dos Reis2

  • 1Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|July 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multispecies coalescent (MSC) methods can improve species divergence time estimates by accounting for gene tree discordance. Time estimates vary significantly based on MSC versus traditional phylogenetic methods and calibration sources (mutation rates vs. fossils).

Keywords:
divergence time estimationeffective population sizegene tree discordancemultispecies coalescentmutation ratesubstitution rate

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Alignment of Synchronized Time-Series Data Using the Characterizing Loss of Cell Cycle Synchrony Model for Cross-Experiment Comparisons
07:59

Author Spotlight: Alignment of Synchronized Time-Series Data Using the Characterizing Loss of Cell Cycle Synchrony Model for Cross-Experiment Comparisons

Published on: June 9, 2023

1.7K
Single-cell Resolution Fluorescence Live Imaging of Drosophila Circadian Clocks in Larval Brain Culture
07:05

Single-cell Resolution Fluorescence Live Imaging of Drosophila Circadian Clocks in Larval Brain Culture

Published on: January 19, 2018

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters
10:38

Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters

Published on: September 27, 2012

22.9K
Author Spotlight: Alignment of Synchronized Time-Series Data Using the Characterizing Loss of Cell Cycle Synchrony Model for Cross-Experiment Comparisons
07:59

Author Spotlight: Alignment of Synchronized Time-Series Data Using the Characterizing Loss of Cell Cycle Synchrony Model for Cross-Experiment Comparisons

Published on: June 9, 2023

1.7K
Single-cell Resolution Fluorescence Live Imaging of Drosophila Circadian Clocks in Larval Brain Culture
07:05

Single-cell Resolution Fluorescence Live Imaging of Drosophila Circadian Clocks in Larval Brain Culture

Published on: January 19, 2018

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Phylogenetics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Molecular data have been utilized for dating species divergences since the 1960s, viewed as records of evolutionary history.
  • Challenges in accurately dating divergences include incomplete fossil records and the frequent discordance observed between gene trees and species trees.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of multispecies coalescent (MSC) methods to overcome challenges in species divergence dating.
  • To compare time estimates derived from MSC methods with those from traditional phylogenetic approaches.
  • To assess the impact of different calibration strategies (mutation rates vs. fossils) on divergence time estimates.

Main Methods:

  • Employed multispecies coalescent (MSC) methods that accommodate gene tree discordance.
  • Scaled phylogenetic branch lengths to absolute time using mutation rates and generation times.
  • Compared MSC results with traditional phylogenetic methods utilizing concatenation and different calibration points (pedigree-based mutation rates and fossils).

Main Results:

  • Divergence time estimates can differ substantially between MSC methods and traditional concatenation-based phylogenetic methods.
  • The choice of calibration source (mutation rates versus fossils) significantly influences divergence time estimates.
  • MSC methods offer a potential improvement by directly addressing gene tree discordance.

Conclusions:

  • MSC methods present a valuable alternative for species divergence dating, particularly when gene tree discordance is present.
  • Researchers must carefully consider the implications of method choice and calibration strategy for accurate evolutionary timelines.
  • Practical guidance is provided for data analysis, highlighting the advantages and limitations of both MSC and traditional phylogenetic approaches.