The Future of Cardiac Ultrasound in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Cardiac ultrasound is increasingly used to guide hemodynamic decision making in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This article focuses on likely future progress in training, accreditation, digital connectivity, miniaturization, and modality development. Many documents have been published internationally to guide cardiac ultrasound training, accreditation, and implementation in the NICU, but challenges remain in providing assessments of hemodynamic status without risking missed structural diagnoses. Advances in simulation training and digital connectivity provide an opportunity to standardize approaches across institutions and continents. Development of machine learning and ultrasound modalities in turn provide huge scope for improving robustness and completeness of assessment.