Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

2.2K
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
2.2K
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

596
Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
596
Pneumonia IV: Management01:28

Pneumonia IV: Management

643
The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
643
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

678
Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
678
Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention01:30

Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention

3.2K
Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....
3.2K
Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

368
Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
368

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pre-treatment bacterial cell states shape antibiotic-induced transcriptional reprogramming and survival.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Detecting Bacteria in Their Mammalian Hosts Using Metabolism-Targeted [<sup>13</sup>C]CO<sub>2</sub> Breath Testing.

ACS central science·2026
Same author

Antibiotic Persistence Emerges from Cell-State-Driven Transcriptional Reprogramming.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

RNA Quality Control Enables Antibiotic Tolerance.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Lipoteichoic acid mediates binding of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> and influenza A virus.

mSphere·2025
Same author

Prodrug florfenicol amine is activated by intrinsic resistance to target Mycobacterium abscessus.

Nature microbiology·2025
Same journal

Mapping the multigenomic human system: structural asymmetry and interface gaps in host-exogenous biological interactions.

Frontiers in microbiology·2026
Same journal

Bacterial resistance across habitats: from German schools to the International Space Station.

Frontiers in microbiology·2026
Same journal

Correction: Unlocking plant growth-promoting traits of endophytic actinobacteria isolated from <i>Anacyclus pyrethrum</i>, an endemic medicinal plant of the Aguelmam azegza region, Morocco.

Frontiers in microbiology·2026
Same journal

Research progress on <i>Avibacterium paragallinarum</i> and related bacterial and viral diseases in poultry and their mixed infections.

Frontiers in microbiology·2026
Same journal

Development and validation of a quantitative method for the enumeration of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Infantis from environmental poultry feces based on most probable number approach followed by confirmatory qPCR.

Frontiers in microbiology·2026
Same journal

Multi-omics insights into the microbial and metabolic drivers of regional flavor diversity in Guizhou traditional fermented fish.

Frontiers in microbiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

A Method for Generating Pulmonary Neutrophilia Using Aerosolized Lipopolysaccharide
08:33

A Method for Generating Pulmonary Neutrophilia Using Aerosolized Lipopolysaccharide

Published on: December 15, 2014

12.0K

Pneumolysin: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Target.

Andrew T Nishimoto1, Jason W Rosch1, Elaine I Tuomanen1

  • 1Department of Infectious Disease, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|July 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pneumolysin (PLY), a key virulence factor from Streptococcus pneumoniae, causes disease and immune responses. This review explores PLY

Keywords:
Streptococcus pneumoniaecholesterol-dependent cytolysininvasive pneumococcal diseasepneumococcuspneumolysinvaccine

More Related Videos

A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii
09:17

A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii

Published on: January 2, 2017

15.0K
Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia
09:49

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia

Published on: February 17, 2023

1.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 13, 2025

A Method for Generating Pulmonary Neutrophilia Using Aerosolized Lipopolysaccharide
08:33

A Method for Generating Pulmonary Neutrophilia Using Aerosolized Lipopolysaccharide

Published on: December 15, 2014

12.0K
A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii
09:17

A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii

Published on: January 2, 2017

15.0K
Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia
09:49

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia

Published on: February 17, 2023

1.7K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae is a significant opportunistic pathogen causing global health issues, particularly in vulnerable populations.
  • Pneumolysin (PLY), a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC), is a critical virulence factor in pneumococcal disease.
  • PLY contributes to all stages of infection, from transmission and colonization to host tissue damage and immune modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biology, function, and pathogenic role of Pneumolysin (PLY).
  • To examine PLY's interactions with host tissues and immune responses.
  • To discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting PLY toxicity and developing PLY-based vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pneumolysin.
  • Analysis of research on PLY's cytolytic mechanisms and host interactions.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic interventions including statins and PLY toxoid vaccines.

Main Results:

  • Pneumolysin's cytolytic activity is central to S. pneumoniae pathogenesis.
  • PLY induces significant host tissue damage and influences immune responses.
  • Statins show potential in mitigating CDC toxicity, and PLY toxoid is a promising vaccine candidate.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding PLY's role is crucial for combating pneumococcal infections.
  • Targeting PLY offers therapeutic and preventative strategies.
  • Further research into PLY-toxoid vaccines and statin efficacy is warranted.