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Antimicrobial Resistance at Two U.S. Cull Cow Processing Establishments.

John W Schmidt1,2, Amit Vikram1,3, Terrance M Arthur1,4

  • 1U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933.

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|July 31, 2020
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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in culled cows is understudied. Conventional cows showed higher levels of tetracycline-resistant E. coli and erm(B) gene in colon contents compared to organic cows, but not on carcasses.

Keywords:
Escherichia coliSalmonellaAntimicrobial resistanceBeef processingCattleQuantitative PCR

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Area of Science:

  • Food safety and veterinary microbiology
  • Antimicrobial resistance surveillance

Background:

  • Culled cattle constitute a significant portion of the annual U.S. cattle harvest.
  • Limited data exists on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in culled beef and dairy cows.
  • Addressing this data gap is crucial for understanding AMR transmission pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate AMR in colon contents, carcasses, and trim from culled conventional and organic cows.
  • To quantify specific antimicrobial resistance genes in the gut microbiome of these animals.
  • To compare AMR prevalence between conventional and organic production systems.

Main Methods:

  • Collected colon contents, carcass sponges, and trim samples from 180 conventional beef, 179 conventional dairy, and 176 organic dairy cows.
  • Cultured samples for Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and their resistant variants (tetracycline-resistant [TETr] E. coli, third-generation cephalosporin-resistant [3GCr] E. coli, 3GCrSalmonella).
  • Performed quantitative PCR on 535 colon content samples to assess 10 key antimicrobial resistance genes.

Main Results:

  • Higher levels of TETr E. coli (P < 0.01), 3GCr E. coli (P < 0.01), and the erm(B) gene (P = 0.03) were found in colon contents of conventional cows compared to organic cows.
  • Sampling day significantly influenced AMR levels in colon contents (P < 0.01).
  • No significant differences in measured AMR were observed on carcasses or trim between production systems.

Conclusions:

  • Production system influenced AMR in the gut microbiome of culled cows, with conventional systems showing higher resistance.
  • AMR prevalence on carcasses and trim did not differ between conventional and organic production systems.
  • Further research is needed to establish baseline values for AMR and assess human health implications.