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Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
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    We developed a new interferometer using mirrors instead of prisms for accurate measurement of light coherence. This system precisely quanties spatial and temporal coherence, even for weak light signals.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Interferometry
    • Coherence Theory

    Background:

    • Traditional prism-based wavefront-folding interferometers suffer from distortions and diffraction.
    • Accurate measurement of spatial and temporal coherence is crucial in various optical applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a modified interferometer design that overcomes limitations of prism-based systems.
    • To enable distortion-free measurement of the full four-dimensional degree of coherence.

    Main Methods:

    • Replaced the two prisms of a conventional interferometer with six mirrors.
    • Mounted the system on linear X-Y translation stages for precise positioning.
    • Utilized the modified system to measure coherence properties of light sources.

    Main Results:

    • The modified system successfully eliminated distortions and diffraction from prism corners.
    • Achieved rapid and exact measurement of the four-dimensional degree of coherence.
    • Demonstrated the system's capability by measuring spatial coherence of inhomogeneous, non-Schell light sources.

    Conclusions:

    • The mirror-based interferometer offers a robust and accurate method for coherence measurements.
    • The system is effective even for weak optical signals and complex light sources.
    • This advancement facilitates detailed characterization of light field properties.