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Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
Published on: September 11, 2021
Structural Validity of the Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised Short Form: Application to Brooding and
Emily A P Haigh1, Victoria Quiñones2, Michael T Moore3
1University of Maine, Orono, Maine emily.a.haigh@maine.edu.
Abstract:
Research on social problem-solving ability or the cognitive-behavioral processes used to find successful solutions to everyday problems has been advanced by the availability of easy-to-administer self-report measures. The goal of the current study is twofold: (a) validate the factor structure of the Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised: Short Form (SPSI-R:S) and (b) examine the relationship between depressive rumination subtypes and dimensions of social problem solving. An initial confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) in Sample 1 revealed poor model fit. An exploratory factor analysis revealed that several items cross-loaded on more than one factor. These items were removed and a subsequent CFA demonstrated adequate model. The revised model was validated in a second sample and convergent and divergent validity were examined. Brooding was related to more maladaptive problem-solving ability while reflection was generally associated with a more adaptive problem-solving style. No gender differences were found.
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