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Related Concept Videos

Types of RNA01:23

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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Peering at Brain Polysomes with Atomic Force Microscopy
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RNA sectors and allosteric function within the ribosome.

Allison S Walker1, William P Russ2, Rama Ranganathan3,4,5

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520; Allison_Walker@hms.harvard.edu ranganathanr@uchicago.edu schepartz@berkeley.edu.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Statistical coupling analysis reveals coevolving nucleotide networks in ribosomal RNA, uncovering functional sectors that regulate ribosome activity across all domains of life.

Keywords:
genetic code expansionribosome evolutionsynthetic biologytranslation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis across all life.
  • Their large size necessitates complex regulatory interactions, many of which remain uncharacterized.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to deciphering ribosome function and evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify coevolving nucleotide networks within the 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
  • To investigate the functional significance of these networks in ribosome regulation.
  • To explore the evolutionary origins of these functional nucleotide groups.

Main Methods:

  • Application of statistical coupling analysis (SCA), a global coevolution method, to 23S rRNA.
  • Hierarchical organization of evolutionary constraints identified within rRNA.
  • Quantitative, continuous-culture-with-deep-sequencing assay to validate predicted functional sectors.

Main Results:

  • SCA identified hierarchical networks of coevolving nucleotides within the 23S rRNA.
  • The top two predicted sectors were experimentally confirmed to be crucial for ribosome function.
  • These functional sectors are linked to specific ribosome activities and show ancient phylogenetic origins.

Conclusions:

  • Coevolutionary analysis is effective for mapping functional networks in rRNA.
  • Identified sectors provide insights into ribosome allostery, biogenesis, and potential for engineering.
  • RNA and protein enzymes may share fundamental principles of interaction and assembly.