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Related Concept Videos

The Carbon Cycle01:14

The Carbon Cycle

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Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
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Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion01:17

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Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this...
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Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency01:19

Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency

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The turnover number of an enzyme is the maximum number of substrate molecules it can transform per unit time. Turnover numbers for most enzymes range from 1 to 1000 molecules per second. Catalase has the known highest turnover number, capable of converting up to 2.8×106 molecules of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen per second. Lysozyme has the lowest known turnover number of half a molecule per second.
Chymotrypsin is a pancreatic enzyme that breaks down proteins during digestion....
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Assessment of Respiration01:23

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The respiratory system's basic structures and primary functions lay the foundation for nurses' comprehensive respiratory assessments. This assessment includes subjective and objective data to gauge the patient's respiratory health.
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Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood01:19

Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
Forms of CO2 Transport
1. Dissolved in plasma: A small percentage (7-10%) of CO2 is transported and dissolved directly in the plasma.
2. Carbaminohemoglobin: Just over 20% of CO2 is chemically bound to...
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Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

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Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
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Measuring Carbon-based Contaminant Mineralization Using Combined CO2 Flux and Radiocarbon Analyses
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Measuring Carbon-based Contaminant Mineralization Using Combined CO2 Flux and Radiocarbon Analyses

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RCP8.5 tracks cumulative CO2 emissions.

Christopher R Schwalm1, Spencer Glendon2, Philip B Duffy2

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario remains crucial for assessing climate risk. Its emissions align closely with historical data and projected policies through midcentury.

Keywords:
CO2 emissionsbusiness as usualclimate change

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Area of Science:

  • Climate Science
  • Environmental Modeling
  • Climate Change Scenarios

Background:

  • Climate simulation scenarios are vital for projecting future climate conditions.
  • While emissions reduction efforts show some progress, aggressive scenarios are still necessary for risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the continued relevance of the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario.
  • To assess RCP8.5's utility in quantifying physical climate risk over policy-relevant timeframes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of climate simulation-based scenarios, focusing on RCP8.5.
  • Comparison of RCP8.5 emissions with historical cumulative CO2 emissions.
  • Evaluation of RCP8.5's alignment with current and stated policies up to midcentury.

Main Results:

  • RCP8.5 emissions show strong agreement (within 1%) with historical total cumulative CO2 emissions.
  • RCP8.5 provides the best emissions match for current and stated policies through the mid-21st century.
  • RCP8.5 projects plausible CO2 emission levels for the year 2100 under existing policies.

Conclusions:

  • RCP8.5 remains a valuable tool for quantifying physical climate risk, particularly in the near to midterm.
  • The scenario's alignment with historical emissions and projected policies supports its continued use.
  • RCP8.5 is essential for understanding the potential impacts of aggressive fossil fuel use scenarios.