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Updated: Aug 15, 2026

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
Published on: December 30, 2016
Four-dimensional phosphorus-31 chemical shift imaging of carcinoid metastases in the liver
I J Cox1, J Sargentoni, J Calam
1NMR Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
Abstract:
Four-dimensional chemical shift imaging was used to map spatial variations in phosphorus metabolites in a patient with carcinoid metastases in the liver. The results were compared to those from an age and sex matched volunteer, with no known previous history of liver disease. In the patient local abnormalities were observed. These included elevated phosphomonoester and decreased phosphodiester concentrations relative to adenosine triphosphate. The regions of abnormality corresponded to regions containing metastases identified with x-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
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