Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 12, 2025
08:34
Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
Published on: February 6, 2019
20.8K
Potential proton pump inhibitor-related adverse effects
Issac E Perry1, Irene Sonu2, Carmelo Scarpignato3,4
1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Augusta University-Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|August 8, 2020
Summary
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used for acid-related conditions. This review examines PPIs
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics
- Gastroenterology
- Oncology
Background:
- Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are globally prevalent medications for acid-related disorders.
- Long-term PPI use necessitates evaluation of potential adverse effects and benefits.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the existing literature on proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).
- To assess common concerns including drug interactions, microbiome impact, CNS effects, and osteoporosis.
- To highlight PPIs' potential roles in cancer treatment and prevention.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search and review of studies on PPIs.
- Analysis of data concerning adverse effects, drug interactions, and oncological outcomes.
Main Results:
- PPIs are associated with potential risks such as drug-drug interactions, microbiome alterations, and increased risk of certain conditions like dementia and osteoporosis.
- Emerging data suggest potential anticancer effects of PPIs, particularly in solid tumors.
Conclusions:
- While PPIs offer significant benefits for acid-related disorders, their long-term use requires careful monitoring for adverse effects.
- Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the complex relationship between PPIs and cancer.
Related Concept Videos
01:13Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Proton Pump Inhibitors
715
Peptic ulcers, often induced by H. pylori infections or NSAID usage, arise from disruptions in the delicate balance of gastric acid production. Peptic ulcers stem from heightened gastric acid levels due to H. pylori infections or NSAID use. The protective mucus layer diminishes in the presence of these factors, allowing gastric acid to erode the stomach lining and form ulcers.
Gastric acid, a potent cocktail of hydrogen and chloride ions, is produced in specialized parietal cells within the...
Gastric acid, a potent cocktail of hydrogen and chloride ions, is produced in specialized parietal cells within the...
715
01:28Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists
784
Histamine H2 receptors, which are intricately located on the basolateral membrane of parietal cells, play a crucial role in modulating gastric acid secretion. When released from enterochromaffin-like cells, histamine engages H2 receptors, initiating the cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway. In this pathway, adenylyl cyclase converts ATP into cAMP, elevating intracellular cAMP levels. The activation of protein kinase A follows, stimulating the proton pump. This stimulation prompts the secretion of hydrogen...
784
01:23Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists
348
Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
348
01:28Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists
422
Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy. SP binds and activates...
422
01:25Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions
225
Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
225
01:31Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Antacids
539
In the complex environment of the gastric lumen, excessive acid secretion can lead to the formation or worsening of ulcers within the delicate mucosal layer. Antacids, such as sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate, provide relief by neutralizing this acid, transforming it into harmless salt and water. This neutralization process raises the gastric pH from a highly acidic level of 1 to a more basic 3-4, reducing the acidity within the stomach.
However, this neutralization reaction between...
However, this neutralization reaction between...
539