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Related Concept Videos

Neuronal Communication01:28

Neuronal Communication

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Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
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Synaptic Signaling01:09

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Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
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Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
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Electrical Synapses01:28

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Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
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Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

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Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
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The Synapse02:47

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Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.
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Interfacing Neurons with Nanostructured Electrodes Modulates Synaptic Circuit Features.

Ana Domínguez-Bajo1, Beatriz Loreto Rodilla2,3, Ivo Calaresu4

  • 1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain.

Advanced Biosystems
|August 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New nanostructured electrodes enhance neural cell interactions. Gold (Au)-based electrodes show superior performance for neural network activation and intracellular calcium dynamics compared to nickel (Ni)-based ones.

Keywords:
electrical stimulationelectrode arraysmetallic nanowiresnanotopographyneural interfaces

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Understanding neural physiopathology necessitates advanced nanotechnology-based interfaces for monitoring mammalian nervous cell function.
  • Cell-non-invasive extracellular microelectrode arrays are crucial, requiring detailed knowledge of neural cell interactions with electrode physicochemical features for optimized performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of chemical composition and nanotopography on neural cell interactions using flexible nanostructured electrodes.
  • To compare the performance of gold (Au) and nickel (Ni) nanostructured electrodes with rat brain cells in vitro.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of versatile flexible nanostructured electrodes with metallic nanowire arrays (Au and Ni).
  • In vitro interfacing of nanostructured electrodes with rat embryonic cortical cells and postnatal hippocampal neurons.
  • Evaluation of cell survival, neuronal differentiation, glial cell presence, and electrophysiological responses.

Main Results:

  • Nanostructure and chemical composition significantly influence neural cell-electrode interactions.
  • Ni-based nanostructured electrodes improved cell survival, neuronal differentiation, and reduced glial cells compared to flat electrodes.
  • Au-based electrodes outperformed Ni-based ones, demonstrating superior performance in evoking intracellular calcium dynamics compatible with neural network activation.

Conclusions:

  • Nanostructured electrodes offer a promising platform for studying and interfacing with neural cells.
  • Au-based nanostructured electrodes are effective for activating neural networks via direct neuronal membrane depolarization.
  • Material choice (Au vs. Ni) and nanotopography are critical factors in designing effective neural interfaces.