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Related Concept Videos

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
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Blood clotting or coagulation involves extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which ultimately merge into the common pathway, forming a fibrin clot.
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Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction01:30

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Venous thrombosis, the most common disorder of the veins, involves the formation of a thrombus or blood clot associated with vein inflammation. It can be classified as either superficial vein thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis.Superficial Vein Thrombosis: This involves the formation of a thrombus in a superficial vein, usually the greater or lesser saphenous vein. Though less severe than deep vein thrombosis (DVT), SVT can lead to complications if untreated.Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): This...
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Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

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Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
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Coagulation01:09

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The coagulation phase is a critical part of the body's process to prevent blood loss following injury to blood vessels. It involves chemical reactions that form a clot to seal the injured area. The clotting process begins shortly after injury, within 15-20 seconds for severe damage and 1-2 minutes for minor injuries.
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Author Spotlight: A Novel Method for Comprehensive Cell Component Analysis of Cerebral Blood Clots
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Is the COVID-19 thrombotic catastrophe complement-connected?

Edward M Conway1,2, Edward L G Pryzdial1,3,4

  • 1Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis : JTH
|August 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, causing COVID-19, triggers dangerous blood clots. Complement system dysregulation may drive these thrombotic complications, suggesting anti-complement therapies could be effective treatments.

Keywords:
complementcovid-19microvascularthrombotic microangiopathytissue factor

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a multisystem disease with high mortality.
  • COVID-19 is associated with a significant risk of thrombosis, characterized by elevated inflammatory markers and microvascular thrombi.
  • The clinicopathologic features of COVID-19 resemble thrombotic microangiopathies like atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), which involve complement system dysregulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence linking complement system activation to thrombotic complications in SARS-CoV-2 infections.
  • To explore the potential of anti-complement therapies for treating COVID-19-associated thrombosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pathophysiology, complement system, coagulation, and thrombotic diseases.
  • Analysis of postmortem findings in COVID-19 patients, including microvascular thrombi and complement deposits.
  • Correlation of COVID-19 thrombotic events with complement-mediated diseases like aHUS.

Main Results:

  • Mounting evidence suggests the complement system plays a crucial role in the thrombotic diathesis associated with SARS-CoV-2.
  • COVID-19 presents with diffuse microvascular thrombi and endothelial swelling, consistent with thrombotic microangiopathy.
  • Complement activation fragments have been identified in the lungs of COVID-19 patients.

Conclusions:

  • Dysregulation of the complement system is implicated in the pathogenesis of COVID-19-associated thrombosis.
  • Currently available anti-complement therapies, effective in aHUS, may hold promise for treating thrombotic complications in COVID-19.
  • Further research and clinical trials are warranted to investigate the efficacy of anti-complement agents in COVID-19 patients.