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Related Concept Videos

Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture
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Sexually Transmitted Infections and Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Robin M Lawson1

  • 1Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, 650 University Boulevard, East, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA.

The Nursing Clinics of North America
|August 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) increase the risk of acquiring and transmitting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Addressing both STIs and HIV is crucial for public health in the United States.

Keywords:
AcquisitionHuman immunodeficiency virusInfectiousnessSexually transmitted infectionsSusceptibilityTransmission

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are significant public health concerns in the United States.
  • STIs are known to increase susceptibility to HIV acquisition and facilitate HIV transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the association between STIs and HIV infectiousness and susceptibility.
  • To highlight the impact of common STIs on HIV transmission dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of research on STI-HIV associations.
  • Analysis of mechanisms by which STIs influence HIV transmission (e.g., mucosal inflammation, ulceration).

Main Results:

  • STIs, including chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and herpes simplex virus type 2, are commonly associated with HIV.
  • These infections promote HIV acquisition and transmission through biological pathways.
  • Delayed diagnosis and treatment of STIs contribute to morbidity and mortality.

Conclusions:

  • STIs play a critical role in the HIV epidemic.
  • Integrated prevention and treatment strategies for both HIV and STIs are essential to control these epidemics.