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Mesenteric Ischemia

Robin M Lawson1

  • 1Academic Programs, The University of Alabama, Capstone College of Nursing, 650 University Boulevard, East, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA.

Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America
|February 8, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Mesenteric ischemia, a condition of inadequate blood flow to the intestines, can lead to bowel necrosis. Early diagnosis with CT angiography and endovascular therapy are crucial for treating acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI).

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Gastroenterology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Mesenteric ischemia is a rare condition, primarily affecting the elderly.
  • It stems from insufficient blood flow in the mesenteric circulation, potentially causing bowel necrosis.
  • Mesenteric ischemia is classified into acute (AMI) and chronic (CMI) types, with delayed CMI diagnosis risking progression to AMI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of mesenteric ischemia.
  • To highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations for acute mesenteric ischemia.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of mesenteric ischemia, focusing on diagnosis and treatment.
  • Emphasis on computed tomography angiography (CTA) for early detection.
  • Discussion of endovascular therapy as a primary treatment modality.

Main Results:

  • Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) carries a high mortality rate.
  • Delayed diagnosis of chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI) can precipitate AMI.
  • Computed tomography angiography (CTA) enables early diagnosis.
  • Endovascular therapy offers prompt revascularization.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis of mesenteric ischemia is critical.
  • Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is the recommended diagnostic tool.
  • Endovascular therapy is advised for symptomatic patients without bowel necrosis to prevent mortality.
Keywords:
Acute mesenteric ischemiaArterial embolismArterial thrombosisChronic mesenteric ischemiaMesenteric venous thrombosisNonocclusive mesenteric ischemia

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