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The uterine wall consists of three histological layers: the perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium. The outermost perimetrium is a thin, serous membrane connected with the broad ligament on the sides, which helps anchor the uterus in the pelvic cavity. The thickest layer, myometrium, is mainly made up of smooth muscle tissue bundles. Its contractions are vital in facilitating the expulsion of the uterine lining, fetus, and placenta during menstruation and childbirth.
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The glandular epithelium is made of one or more epithelial cells modified to synthesize and secrete chemical substances. Glandular epithelia can be classified based on cell number. Unicellular glands have individual secretory cells scattered across the epithelial monolayer. In contrast, multicellular glands consist of a hollow tubular duct attached to the cluster of secretory cells located in the deep pockets.
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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity
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Classification of endometriosis.

Soo-Young Lee1, Yu-Jin Koo2, Dae-Hyung Lee2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea.

Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine
|August 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Endometriosis classification systems like ASRM and ENZIAN aid in staging severity and predicting fertility. However, no single system is currently the gold standard, necessitating further development and validation.

Keywords:
American Society for Reproductive Medicine classificationClassificationENZIAN classificationEndometriosis

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Surgical Pathology

Background:

  • Endometriosis is a chronic condition causing pelvic pain and infertility.
  • Several classification systems exist to stage endometriosis severity.
  • The revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) classification is widely recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing endometriosis classification systems.
  • To identify the strengths and weaknesses of each system.
  • To discuss necessary improvements for future classifications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established endometriosis classification systems (ASRM, ENZIAN, Endometriosis Fertility Index).
  • Analysis of a developing classification by the American Association of Gynecological Laparoscopists (AAGL).
  • Critical evaluation of pros, cons, and future directions for each system.

Main Results:

  • The ASRM classification is well-known but may not capture all aspects of endometriosis.
  • The ENZIAN classification specifically addresses deep infiltrating endometriosis.
  • The Endometriosis Fertility Index predicts surgical outcomes, while the AAGL classification is still under development.

Conclusions:

  • Current endometriosis classification systems have limitations and are not considered gold standards.
  • Improvements are needed in accuracy, comprehensiveness, and validation.
  • Further research and development are essential for a universally accepted classification system.