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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
213
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

706
IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
706
Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

199
Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
199
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

127
The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
127
Ureters01:22

Ureters

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The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
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Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

189
Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
189

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
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Postpercutaneous Nephrolithotomy Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction.

Rajendra B Nerli1,2, Vishal Kadeli1, Sushant Deole1

  • 1Department of Urology, JN Medical College, KLE Academy of Higher Education & Research, Belagavi, India.

Journal of Endourology Case Reports
|August 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) effectively treats large kidney stones but can rarely cause urinary obstruction. Proper surgical techniques minimize risks like ureteral strictures and infundibular stenosis following PCNL.

Keywords:
Claviencomplicationsobstructionoutcomespercutaneous nephrolithotomystrictures

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery

Background:

  • Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a standard treatment for large or complex renal calculi.
  • While generally safe and effective, PCNL carries a risk of unique complications affecting the kidney and surrounding structures.

Observation:

  • Renal collecting system obstruction is a rare but serious complication post-PCNL.
  • Potential causes include ureteral avulsion, stricture formation, mucosal edema, blood clots, or infundibular stenosis.

Findings:

  • Stone impaction and surgical trauma during PCNL can lead to ureteral stricture formation and subsequent obstruction.
  • These complications can impede urine flow and necessitate further intervention.

Implications:

  • Adherence to precise percutaneous and endoscopic techniques is crucial for minimizing post-PCNL obstruction.
  • Optimizing surgical methods can improve patient outcomes and reduce the incidence of rare but significant complications.