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Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
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Interactional Response During Infants' Aquatic Sessions.

Marta Martins1,2, Aldo Costa3,4, Mario J Costa4,5

  • 1Sport Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Rio Maior, Portugal.

Sports Medicine International Open
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infant swimming sessions focusing on child-centered methods promote positive motor and social behaviors. This approach supports healthy infant development in aquatic environments.

Keywords:
AquaticsBabyInfant behavior

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric behavioral science
  • Infant motor development
  • Aquatic therapy

Background:

  • Routine infant swimming sessions are common but require behavioral assessment.
  • Understanding infant behavior in water is crucial for developmental programs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate infant behavior during routine swimming using naturalistic observation.
  • To identify prevalent motor and social-affective behaviors in aquatic settings.

Main Methods:

  • Naturalistic observation of 14 infants (13.7±7.5 months) with prior aquatic experience.
  • Two independent experts recorded behavior frequency over two sessions.
  • Focus on motor behavior and social-affective interaction dimensions.

Main Results:

  • Accompanied displacement (61.1%) and interaction with others (41.6%) were the most frequent behaviors.
  • Submersions or jumps constituted only 8.4% of observed activities.
  • Child-centered approaches correlated with positive infant behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • Child-centered methodologies foster positive infant behaviors in swimming sessions.
  • These sessions contribute positively to overall child development.
  • Observation highlights the importance of interaction and movement in infant aquatic experiences.