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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

13.7K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate02:21

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Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate.  The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

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Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols01:21

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Activated manganese(IV) oxide can selectively oxidize allylic and benzylic alcohols via a radical intermediate mechanism. Primary allylic alcohols are oxidized to aldehydes, while secondary allylic alcohols yield ketones. The redox reaction of potassium permanganate with an Mn(II) salt such as manganese sulfate (under either alkaline or acidic conditions), followed by thorough drying, yields the oxidizing agent: activated MnO2. While MnO2 is insoluble in the solvents used for the reaction, the...
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Amines to Alkenes: Cope Elimination01:14

Amines to Alkenes: Cope Elimination

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Cope elimination reaction involves the conversion of tertiary amines to alkene using hydrogen peroxide under thermal conditions, as depicted in figure 1.
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Highly Efficient CuO/α-MnO2 Catalyst for Low-Temperature CO Oxidation.

Yu Aung May1, Shuai Wei1, Wen-Zhu Yu1

  • 1Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|August 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel copper oxide on manganese dioxide nanorod catalyst (CuO/MnO2) demonstrates exceptional activity and stability for low-temperature carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation, even in humid conditions. This advanced catalyst significantly outperforms existing materials for CO removal.

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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Area of Science:

  • Heterogeneous catalysis
  • Materials science
  • Environmental chemistry

Background:

  • Copper manganese composite (hopcalite) catalysts are used for low-temperature CO oxidation.
  • These catalysts often deactivate under moist conditions, limiting their practical application.
  • Stabilization of composite catalysts under varying humidity remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a highly active and stable catalyst for low-temperature CO oxidation.
  • To investigate a catalyst resistant to deactivation in the presence of moisture.
  • To understand the relationship between catalyst structure and CO oxidation performance.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of an alpha-manganese dioxide (α-MnO2) nanorod-supported copper oxide (CuO) catalyst using the deposition precipitation (DP) method.
  • Characterization of the catalyst's textural properties using multitechnique analyses.
  • Evaluation of catalytic activity and stability for CO oxidation under various conditions (with and without moisture).

Main Results:

  • The CuO/MnO2 DP catalyst (5 wt% copper loading) exhibited a superior reaction rate of 9.472 μmol·gcat−1·s−1 at ambient temperatures.
  • The catalyst demonstrated significantly enhanced stability compared to traditional copper manganese composites, even with 3% water vapor present.
  • A correlation was established between catalytic activity and the catalyst's textural characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • The developed CuO/MnO2 DP catalyst offers exceptional activity and stability for low-temperature CO oxidation.
  • The catalyst's performance is attributed to effective CO adsorption on partially reduced copper oxide (Cu(I)-CO) and abundant interfacial surface oxygen species.
  • This material presents a promising solution for CO removal applications, particularly in environments with high humidity.