4-Vinylanisole is an aggregation pheromone in locusts

Area of Science:

• Chemical Ecology
• Entomology
• Pest Management

Background:

• Locust plagues pose significant threats to global agriculture and ecosystems.
• Aggregation pheromones are critical for locusts transitioning to gregarious behavior and swarm formation.
• Previous candidate compounds have not fully met the criteria for a locust aggregation pheromone.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify and characterize the aggregation pheromone of the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria).
• To investigate the role of identified compounds in locust behavior and olfactory perception.
• To explore potential applications in locust control strategies.

Main Methods:

• Behavioral assays and electrophysiological recordings were used to test locust responses.
• Olfactory receptor characterization and gene knockout (CRISPR-Cas9) were employed.
• Field experiments and trapping were conducted to validate findings.

Main Results:

• 4-vinylanisole (4VA) was identified as a potent aggregation pheromone, attracting both solitary and gregarious locusts.
• 4VA emission is triggered by locust aggregation and elicits specific responses in antennal sensilla.
• Knockout of the OR35 receptor significantly reduced locust responses to 4VA.
• Field trials confirmed 4VA's effectiveness in attracting locust populations.

Conclusions:

• 4-vinylanisole (4VA) is confirmed as a crucial aggregation pheromone for Locusta migratoria.
• The OR35 receptor plays a vital role in detecting 4VA.
• These findings pave the way for innovative, pheromone-based locust management techniques.