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Related Concept Videos

Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Plane Electromagnetic Waves I01:30

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The existence of combined electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic (EM) waves is the most significant prediction of Maxwell's equations. As Maxwell's equations hold in free space, the predicted electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for their propagation. An EM wave comprises an electric field, defined as the force per charge on a stationary charge, and a magnetic field, which is the force per charge on a moving charge.
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Electromagnetic waves can be reflected; the surface of a conductor or a dielectric can act as a reflector. As electric and magnetic fields obey the superposition principle, so do electromagnetic waves. The superposition of an incident wave and a reflected electromagnetic wave produces a standing wave analogous to the standing waves created on a stretched string.
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Maxwell's equations for electromagnetic fields are related to source charges, either static or moving. These fields act on a test charge, whose trajectory can thus be determined using suitable boundary conditions. The objective of electromagnetism is thus theoretically complete.
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Consider a plane wavefront traveling in position x-direction with a constant speed. This wavefront can be utilized to obtain the relationship between electric and magnetic fields with the help of Faraday's law.
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Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers
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Zero-Index Weyl Metamaterials.

Farzad Zangeneh-Nejad1, Romain Fleury1

  • 1Laboratory of Wave Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Physical Review Letters
|August 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered a new type of Weyl semimetal (WSM) with flat-line Fermi surfaces. This zero-index WSM exhibits unique properties like a zero index of refraction, enabling novel wave transmission applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Topological Materials

Background:

  • Weyl semimetals (WSMs) are classified into type-I and type-II based on Fermi surface geometry.
  • Type-I WSMs have pointlike Fermi surfaces, while type-II WSMs feature open Fermi surfaces.
  • Existing WSM types exhibit nonzero indices of refraction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically and experimentally demonstrate a new class of classical Weyl semimetals.
  • To characterize the unique Fermi surface geometry of these novel semimetals.
  • To explore the physical properties and potential applications arising from their distinctive characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of Weyl semimetal band structures.
  • Experimental fabrication and characterization of novel semimetal materials.
  • Analysis of Fermi surface geometry and refractive index properties.

Main Results:

  • Identification of a new type of Weyl semimetal, termed type-III or zero-index WSMs.
  • Observation of flat-line Fermi surfaces in these zero-index WSMs.
  • Demonstration of a zero index of refraction in specific edge modes, contrasting with type-I and type-II WSMs.

Conclusions:

  • The discovery of type-III/zero-index WSMs expands the classification of Weyl semimetals.
  • The unique zero-index of refraction property opens avenues for advanced optical applications.
  • Extraordinary wave transmission is a key potential application enabled by these topological phases.