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The Rodent Model of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy rNAION
Published on: November 20, 2016
Ritonavir associated maculopathy- multimodal imaging and electrophysiology findings
Roxane Bunod1, Alexandra Miere1, Olivia Zambrowski1
1Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Creteil University Paris Est Creteil, 40 Avenue de Verdun, 94000, Creteil, France.
Purpose:
To report the case 47-year-old patient presenting with severe maculopathy associated with long-term ritonavir treatment.
Methods:
Observational case report of one patient and literature review.
Results:
A 47 year-old Caucasian man presented with progressive bilateral vision loss for the past 5 years. His medical history included Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) coinfection since 1992. He was treated by highly active antiretroviral therapy for 24 years including 4 years of didanosine treatment and 18 years of ritonavir treatment. Bilateral extensive macular atrophy with foveal sparing on the left eye and absence of midperipheral/peripheral retina involvement was confirmed on multimodal imaging and functional testing including swept-source OCT angiography and electroretinography.
Conclusion:
Ritonavir associated maculopathy is a scarcely described medication-associated retinopathy. In this case, an extensive macular atrophy (with complete loss of photoreceptor, RPE and choriocapillaris layers) and subsequent cone-rod dysfunction appeared after 18 years of ritonavir exposure.
