Outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome

The prognosis of patients with hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome (hMDS) after receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients with hMDS after allo-HSCT. Between September 2013 and October 2019, a total of 20 consecutive patients with hMDS and 1 patient with clonal cytopenia of undermined significance (CCUS) who underwent allo-HSCT, which included procedures with 9 matched sibling donors, 2 matched unrelated donors, 4 mismatched unrelated donors and 6 haploidentical donors, were enrolled in this study. The median time for myeloid engraftment was 11 days (range 9-17 days), and that for platelet engraftment was 10 days (range 7-17 days). The cumulative incidence (CI) of myeloid and platelet recovery was 95.2 ± 6.0% and 90.5 ± 7.3%, respectively. The CI rates were 40.0 ± 11.3% for grades II-III acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), 36.8 ± 11.5% for chronic GVHD and 23.8 ± 9.6% for nonrelapse mortality. No patients experienced relapse. Sixteen surviving patients were followed up for a median of 1113 days (range 110-2305 days), and the overall survival and relapse-free survival rates were both 72.7 ± 10.6%. This limited retrospective analysis suggests that patients with hMDS had a favorable survival after allo-HSCT.