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Secreted cystatins decrease proliferation and enhance apoptosis of human leukemic cells.

Samar Hunaiti1, Hanna Wallin1, Mia Eriksson2

  • 1Division of Clinical Chemistry & Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden.

FEBS Open Bio
|August 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Natural cysteine protease inhibitors, cystatin C and D, reduce leukemic cell growth and enhance apoptosis. These cystatins show promise in targeting cancer cell proliferation and survival.

Keywords:
caspase-3cystatin Ccystatin Dcysteine peptidasecysteine proteaseprotease inhibitor

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Cysteine proteases play a role in cancer progression, influencing cell growth, metastasis, and apoptosis.
  • Natural cysteine protease inhibitors, known as cystatins, are being investigated for their therapeutic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of five natural cysteine protease inhibitors on leukemic cell lines Jurkat, U937, and HL-60.
  • To determine if these inhibitors impact Fas-induced and intrinsic apoptosis pathways.
  • To assess the impact of cystatins on leukemic cell proliferation and survival.

Main Methods:

  • Leukemic cell lines (Jurkat, U937, HL-60) were treated with five cysteine protease inhibitors: cystatins A, C, D, E/M, and chagasin.
  • Apoptosis was induced using Fas-ligand or hydrogen peroxide.
  • Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed using flow cytometry and annexin V staining.
  • Caspase-3-like activity was measured.
  • Cell proliferation was evaluated by culturing cells with cystatins.

Main Results:

  • Cystatins A, C, D, E/M, and chagasin did not consistently affect Fas-induced apoptosis.
  • Cystatin D augmented caspase-3-like activity in all three cell lines upon hydrogen peroxide-induced intrinsic apoptosis.
  • Cystatin C and D increased annexin V-positive cells in U937 cells undergoing hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis.
  • Cystatin C and D reduced U937 cell numbers in a dose-dependent manner and decreased cell viability independently.
  • Internalization of cystatins C and D was observed in U937 cells.
  • Similar effects on viability and cystatin D uptake were noted in HL-60 and Jurkat cells.

Conclusions:

  • Cystatin D enhances intrinsic apoptosis in leukemic cells.
  • Cystatin C and D reduce leukemic cell proliferation and viability, potentially by downregulating intracellular proteolysis.
  • These findings suggest cystatin C and D have potential as therapeutic agents against leukemia.