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[Myopia in children].

Dominique Bremond-Gignac1

  • 1Service d'ophtalmologie de l'hôpital universitaire Necker Enfants-Malades, APHP, Centre de maladies rares OPHTARA1, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France - Faculté de Médecine, université de Paris, Paris 75015, France - Unité Inserm UMRS 1138, équipe 17, Université Paris V Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Myopia, a global epidemic, is increasing worldwide, especially in young children. Early detection and control strategies, including lifestyle changes and specific treatments, are crucial for managing this vision disorder.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Myopia, a common refractive error, is a growing global health concern.
  • Increased axial length of the eyeball is the primary cause of myopia.
  • In children under six, refractive errors are the most prevalent abnormalities, exceeding strabismus and amblyopia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the escalating global prevalence of myopia.
  • To emphasize the significant risks associated with myopia, particularly high myopia.
  • To discuss essential early detection and effective myopia control strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current epidemiological data on myopia prevalence.
  • Analysis of the correlation between myopia severity and associated ocular complications.
  • Evaluation of established and emerging myopia control interventions.

Main Results:

  • Myopia is experiencing a worldwide epidemic, with significant impact on young children.
  • High myopia increases the risk of serious eye conditions like retinal detachment, glaucoma, and cataracts.
  • Early detection and intervention are critical for managing myopia progression.

Conclusions:

  • Effective myopia control requires a multi-faceted approach.
  • Promising interventions include increased outdoor activity, specialized lenses (corrective and contact), orthokeratology, and low-dose atropine eye drops.
  • Investigating syndromic myopia in children with high myopia is recommended.