Intralobar Pulmonary Sequestration With A Patent Bronchus; A Rare Presentation

Area of Science:

• Cardiothoracic Surgery
• Pediatric Surgery
• Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

• Intralobar sequestration is a rare congenital lung malformation characterized by non-functional lung tissue with an abnormal systemic arterial supply.
• It often presents with non-specific symptoms such as recurrent pneumonia, cough, or chest pain, leading to diagnostic challenges.

Observation:

• A 25-year-old male presented with a decade of episodic chest pain and productive cough.
• Radiological imaging revealed a polycystic lesion in the left lower chest with a distinct arterial supply originating from the descending aorta.
• Intraoperative findings confirmed the sequestration's separate arterial supply and a patent bronchial connection to the surrounding lung parenchyma.

Findings:

• The patient was diagnosed with intralobar sequestration, a condition with limited documented cases.
• Surgical intervention involved a posterobasal segmentectomy with stapling of the communicating bronchus.
• Operative findings corroborated the radiological diagnosis of intralobar sequestration with anomalous systemic arterial supply.

Implications:

• This case highlights the importance of considering intralobar sequestration in the differential diagnosis of chronic respiratory symptoms, even in adults.
• Successful surgical management underscores the efficacy of segmentectomy for this condition.
• Further case reports are valuable for understanding the clinical spectrum and optimal treatment strategies for intralobar sequestration.