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Coronavirus: Why Men are More Vulnerable to Covid-19 Than Women?

George M Bwire1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine
|August 25, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Males face higher risks during the COVID-19 pandemic due to biological factors and lifestyle choices. Understanding these gender differences is crucial for targeted public health interventions against coronavirus disease 2019.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Initial COVID-19 risk assessments focused on age and pre-existing conditions.
  • Emerging data reveal significantly higher morbidity and mortality rates in males compared to females globally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the underlying reasons for the observed gender disparity in COVID-19 outcomes.
  • To identify biological and behavioral factors contributing to increased male vulnerability.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological findings on COVID-19 gender differences.
  • Analysis of potential biological mechanisms, including ACE2 expression and sex-based immunology.
  • Examination of lifestyle factors like smoking, alcohol consumption, and adherence to preventive measures.

Main Results:

  • Males exhibit higher COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates.
  • Potential contributing factors include higher angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) expression in males, sex-based immunological differences, and lifestyle behaviors.
  • Women generally demonstrate more responsible attitudes toward pandemic preventive measures.

Conclusions:

  • Gender is a significant factor influencing COVID-19 outcomes.
  • Biological and behavioral differences between sexes contribute to the observed disparities.
  • Targeted strategies addressing male-specific risks and behaviors are needed for effective pandemic control.

Keywords:
Covid-19EpidemiologyMorbidityMortality

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