Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ligand Binding Sites02:40

Ligand Binding Sites

14.7K
Proteins are dynamic macromolecules that carry out a wide variety of essential processes; however, the activities of most proteins depend on their interactions with other molecules or ions, known as ligands.
Protein-ligand interactions are quite specific; even though numerous potential ligands surround a cellular protein at any given time, only a particular ligand can bind to that protein. Moreover, a ligand binds only to a dedicated area on the surface of the protein, known as the...
14.7K
Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors01:30

Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors

3.5K
G Protein–Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to various stimuli. GPCRs regulate critical physiological pathways and are excellent drug targets for treating diseases such as diabetes, cancer, obesity, depression, or Alzheimer's. Nearly 35% of approved drugs implement their therapeutic effects by selectively interacting with specific GPCRs.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical,...
3.5K
G Protein-coupled Receptors01:15

G Protein-coupled Receptors

15.6K
G Protein-Coupled Receptors or GPCRs are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to sensory stimuli such as light, odors, hormones, cytokines, or neurotransmitters.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or serpentine receptors, and consist of seven (H1-H7) transmembrane alpha-helices that span the bilayer to form a cylindrical core. The transmembrane helices are connected by three extracellular loops and three...
15.6K
Ligand Binding and Linkage00:49

Ligand Binding and Linkage

5.3K
Allosteric proteins have more than one ligand binding site; the binding of a ligand to any of these sites influences the binding of ligands to the other sites. When a protein is allosteric, its binding sites are called coupled or linked.  In the case of enzymes, the site that binds to the substrate is known as the active site and the other site is known as the regulatory site. When a ligand binds to the regulatory site, this leads to conformational changes in the protein that can influence...
5.3K
Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins01:22

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins

9.8K
Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high...
9.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Injectable Thermosensitive Placental ECM-Copper Hydrogel With Endothelial Progenitor Cells for Pressure Ulcer Repair.

Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials·2026
Same author

Stabilization of a ring-opened rhodamine probe <i>via</i> multi-noncovalent interactions for the dual-mode detection of nitazenes.

Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications·2026
Same author

Single-Amino Group Counted Rotation-Restriction in Eu-BTB-NH<sub>2</sub> MOF for Accurate Detection of Methcathinone.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Dynamic Targetable Extracellular Vesicle Surface Proteins Monitor Depth of Response to CAR T Therapy.

Research square·2026
Same author

Deterministic Evolution of Aptamers via a Microfluidic-Integrated Robotic Platform Using Complex Exosomes as Targets.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Multifunctional Composite Coating-Enhanced Flexible Microelectrodes for Chronic, High-Fidelity Neural Signal Recording.

Analytical chemistry·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers
08:28

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: September 19, 2017

8.4K

Ligand Selectivity by Inserting GCGC-Tetrads into G-Quadruplex Structures.

Yanwei Cao1, Luyan Yang1, Pi Ding1

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|August 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Cytosine-intercalated G-quadruplexes (G4s) with nonplanar GCGC-tetrads influence ligand binding. Planar G-tetrads favor planar ligands, while GCGC-tetrads accommodate nonplanar ligands, impacting biosensor and drug design.

Keywords:
DNA structuresG-quadruplexesbiosensorsion-molecule interactionsligand selectivity

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Characterizing DNA G-Quadruplex by Bis-3-Chloropiperidine Based Chemical Mapping
05:32

Author Spotlight: Characterizing DNA G-Quadruplex by Bis-3-Chloropiperidine Based Chemical Mapping

Published on: May 12, 2023

1.7K
Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
05:37

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

Published on: April 4, 2025

1.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers
08:28

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: September 19, 2017

8.4K
Author Spotlight: Characterizing DNA G-Quadruplex by Bis-3-Chloropiperidine Based Chemical Mapping
05:32

Author Spotlight: Characterizing DNA G-Quadruplex by Bis-3-Chloropiperidine Based Chemical Mapping

Published on: May 12, 2023

1.7K
Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
05:37

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

Published on: April 4, 2025

1.1K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • G-quadruplexes (G4s) are nucleic acid structures with significant biological roles.
  • Their structure, including planar G-tetrads and loop flexibility, dictates function.
  • Cytosine-intercalated sequences form G4s with nonplanar GCGC-tetrads.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of GCGC-tetrads on G4 structural properties.
  • To explore the interaction of G4s with different ligand types.
  • To understand how structural variations influence G4-ligand binding.

Main Methods:

  • Selection of G4 structures with and without GCGC-tetrads.
  • Interaction studies with various G4 ligands (planar and nonplanar).
  • Analysis of binding affinities and structural consequences.

Main Results:

  • Stacked G-tetrads promote binding with planar ligands (e.g., porphyrins) via π-π stacking.
  • G4s with internal GCGC-tetrads bind planar ligands and enable sensitive Pb2+ detection.
  • G4s with external GCGC-tetrads bind nonplanar ligands (e.g., TPM dyes) due to induced flexibility.

Conclusions:

  • GCGC-tetrads significantly alter G4 structural dynamics and ligand-binding preferences.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing G4-based biosensors.
  • This research aids in designing novel G4-targeting anticancer drugs.