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Related Concept Videos

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Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...
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Crossing Over01:34

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Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process...
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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
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Gene Conversion02:08

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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
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Intrachromosomal Recombination in Yeast.

Anastasiya Epshtein1, Lorraine S Symington2, Hannah L Klein3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|August 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details reporter systems for measuring genome recombination rates. These systems use duplicated, mutated genes to detect recombination events, aiding in understanding DNA repair and genome stability.

Keywords:
DNA damageDeletionsGene conversionRecombination

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Genomic lesions like double-strand breaks trigger mitotic recombination.
  • Detecting spontaneous recombination in non-repetitive DNA requires sensitive reporter systems.
  • Auxotrophic reporter systems enable selection of recombination products.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe reporter systems for quantifying mitotic recombination rates.
  • To explain the design of duplicated gene reporters with distinct mutations.
  • To illustrate the use of these reporters for monitoring recombination frequency.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing reporter genes duplicated as direct repeats, each with a different mutation.
  • Creating auxotrophic cells defective for a specific gene product.
  • Selecting for prototrophic cells resulting from recombination between the defective gene copies.

Main Results:

  • Reporter systems enable the detection and measurement of recombination events.
  • These systems facilitate the study of factors influencing recombination rates.
  • The methodology allows for monitoring both increases and decreases in recombination.

Conclusions:

  • Duplicated gene reporters are effective tools for studying mitotic recombination.
  • These systems are valuable for assessing genome stability and DNA repair mechanisms.
  • The described methods provide a quantitative approach to recombination analysis.