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Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells
Published on: May 6, 2013
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Type 1 diabetes induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors
Rui Zhang1, Xiao-Ling Cai1, Liu Liu2
1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
Chinese Medical Journal
|August 26, 2020
Summary
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can cause type 1 diabetes, often with diabetic ketoacidosis. Early recognition and insulin treatment are crucial for this serious cancer immunotherapy side effect.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) like anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 are increasingly used for cancer treatment.
- Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are a known complication of ICI therapy.
- ICI-induced type 1 diabetes is an emerging concern in patients undergoing cancer immunotherapy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the characteristics of ICI-induced type 1 diabetes.
- To discuss the underlying mechanisms of ICI-induced type 1 diabetes.
- To highlight the clinical presentation and management of this condition.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of reported cases of ICI-induced type 1 diabetes.
- Analysis of clinical characteristics, including onset, symptoms, and autoantibody status.
- Discussion of proposed pathogenic mechanisms involving T-cell activation and pancreatic beta cells.
Main Results:
- ICI-induced type 1 diabetes typically presents with acute onset.
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was observed in 62.1% of reported cases.
- Positive autoantibodies associated with type 1 diabetes were found in only one-third of patients, suggesting a distinct pathophysiology.
Conclusions:
- ICI-induced type 1 diabetes is a potentially life-threatening irAE following cancer immunotherapy.
- Early screening and recognition are vital for timely management.
- Insulin therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for ICI-induced type 1 diabetes.
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