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Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...

Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

Structures of Solids

Structures of Solids

Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Published on: October 27, 2018

Crystal structure of La₂₄Ru₁₁.

¹Sezione di Chimica Inorganica e Metallurgia - Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic Communications

|August 27, 2020

Summary

The new tetra-cosa-lanthanum undeca-ruthenium (La₂₄Ru₁₁) compound features a unique non-centrosymmetric crystal structure. Researchers detailed its similarities and differences compared to related structures, noting all crystals were inversion twins.

Keywords:

crystal structure hexagonal intermetallic lanthanum non-centrosymmetric ruthenium triad

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Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

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Atomically Defined Templates for Epitaxial Growth of Complex Oxide Thin Films

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Published on: December 4, 2014

Area of Science:

Solid State Chemistry
Crystallography
Materials Science

Background:

The Ce₂₄Co₁₁ structure type provides a framework for understanding complex intermetallic compounds.
Investigating new lanthanum-ruthenium compounds can reveal novel structural motifs and properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the crystal structure of the novel compound La₂₄Ru₁₁.
To compare the crystal chemistry of La₂₄Ru₁₁ with related structures, specifically Ce₂₃Ni₇Mg₄.
To identify similarities and differences in structural features.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was used to determine the crystal structure.
Crystallographic data analysis was performed to identify structural components.
Comparative analysis of related crystal structures was conducted.

Main Results:

The compound La₂₄Ru₁₁ crystallizes in a non-centrosymmetric structure (space group P6₃mc).
The structure contains characteristic RuLa₆ trigonal prisms, La₆ octahedra, and LaRu₄ tetrahedra.
All analyzed crystals were identified as inversion twins, a common feature in this space group.

Conclusions:

La₂₄Ru₁₁ represents a new intermetallic compound with a distinct crystal structure related to known types.
The detailed structural analysis provides insights into lanthanum-ruthenium intermetallics.
Understanding these structural relationships is crucial for predicting and designing new materials.