Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Causality in Epidemiology01:21

Causality in Epidemiology

1.3K
Causality or causation is a fundamental concept in epidemiology, vital for understanding the relationships between various factors and health outcomes. Despite its importance, there's no single, universally accepted definition of causality within the discipline. Drawing from a systematic review, causality in epidemiology encompasses several definitions, including production, necessary and sufficient, sufficient-component, counterfactual, and probabilistic models. Each has its strengths and...
1.3K
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

13.1K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
13.1K
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

1.1K
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
1.1K
Cause and Effect01:53

Cause and Effect

11.9K
While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
11.9K
Correlation and Causation01:27

Correlation and Causation

40.7K
Statistical tests can calculate whether there is a relationship, or correlation, between independent and dependent variables. An indirect relationship of the variables signifies a correlation, while a direct relationship shows causation. If it is determined that no connection exists between the variables, then the correlation is a coincidence.
Correlation versus Causation
If the dependent variable increases or decreases when the independent variable increases, there is a positive or negative...
40.7K
Factors Affecting Illness01:18

Factors Affecting Illness

4.9K
When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness,...
4.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same authorSame journal

United States Supreme Court v. Women: The Reversal Effect of Roe.

Journal of National Black Nurses' Association : JNBNA·2024
Same author

Individual and systems-related factors associated with heart failure self-care: a systematic review.

BMC nursing·2024
Same author

The Journal of the National Black Nurses Association: COVID-19 and the Mental Health Status of African-Americans.

Journal of National Black Nurses' Association : JNBNA·2022
Same author

The Journal of the National Black Nurses Association: From There to Here.

Journal of National Black Nurses' Association : JNBNA·2021
Same author

Covid-19, Pregnancy, and Vaccinations.

Journal of National Black Nurses' Association : JNBNA·2021
Same author

Why African-Americans are Hesitant to Take the Newly Proposed COVID-19 Vaccines: Tuskegee Revisited.

Journal of National Black Nurses' Association : JNBNA·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Collecting Hair Samples for Hair Cortisol Analysis in African Americans
06:01

Collecting Hair Samples for Hair Cortisol Analysis in African Americans

Published on: June 10, 2018

19.0K

African-Americans Have a Higher Propensity for Death from COVID-19: Rationale and Causation.

Ora L Strickland1, Yolanda Powell-Young2, Clara Reyes-Miranda3

  • 1Florida International University, Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, Bldg. AHC-3, Office 520, Miami, FL 33199 olstrick@fiu.edu.

Journal of National Black Nurses' Association : JNBNA
|August 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

African-Americans face disproportionately high COVID-19 (novel coronavirus) mortality due to underlying health disparities and social determinants. Understanding these factors is crucial for effective, culturally competent care.

Keywords:
African AmericansCOVID19cytokine stormhealth disparities

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
03:53

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses

Published on: November 10, 2023

1.7K
Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
06:55

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

15.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Collecting Hair Samples for Hair Cortisol Analysis in African Americans
06:01

Collecting Hair Samples for Hair Cortisol Analysis in African Americans

Published on: June 10, 2018

19.0K
Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
03:53

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses

Published on: November 10, 2023

1.7K
Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
06:55

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

15.0K

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • African-Americans represent 13.4% of the US population but account for one-third of COVID-19 cases.
  • Over 50,000 African-Americans have died from COVID-19, highlighting significant racial disparities.
  • Pre-existing conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and obesity exacerbate COVID-19 severity in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To understand the mechanisms driving COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in high-risk populations, particularly African-Americans.
  • To explore the role of social determinants of health in healthcare delivery and outcomes.
  • To examine the interplay between COVID-19, health disparities, and vascular complications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current data on COVID-19 infection and mortality rates among African-Americans.
  • Analysis of physiological mechanisms, including cytokine storming.
  • Examination of biosocial and health inequality perspectives on COVID-19 outcomes.

Main Results:

  • African-Americans experience disproportionately high rates of COVID-19 infection and mortality.
  • Pre-existing health conditions (diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, obesity, lung disease) act as significant barriers to optimal outcomes.
  • Social determinants of health potentially impact healthcare access and delivery for African-Americans.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 disproportionately affects African-Americans due to a complex interplay of health disparities and social determinants.
  • Understanding these factors is essential for developing targeted interventions and improving health equity.
  • Culturally competent care strategies are necessary for addressing the unique needs of African-Americans with COVID-19 and co-existing health disparities.