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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

5.9K
Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

1.1K
Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting...
1.1K
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
989
Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

1.4K
Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
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Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

651
Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
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Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Spot Variation Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy for Analysis of Molecular Diffusion at the Plasma Membrane of Living Cells
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Spot Variation Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy for Analysis of Molecular Diffusion at the Plasma Membrane of Living Cells

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Paradigm Shift in Diffusion-Mediated Surface Phenomena.

Denis S Grebenkov1

  • 1Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (UMR 7643), CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France.

Physical Review Letters
|August 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel probabilistic approach to model diffusion near reactive surfaces, enhancing our understanding of crucial processes like catalysis and filtration. The new method accounts for complex surface reactions, improving predictions for industrial and biological applications.

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Fluorescence Recovery after Merging a Droplet to Measure the Two-dimensional Diffusion of a Phospholipid Monolayer
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From Fast Fluorescence Imaging to Molecular Diffusion Law on Live Cell Membranes in a Commercial Microscope
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Area of Science:

  • Physics, Physical Chemistry
  • Biophysics
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Diffusion-mediated surface phenomena are vital in biology and industry, including catalysis and filtration.
  • Existing diffusion models with mixed boundary conditions are limited to simple surface reactions with constant reactivity.
  • Complex surface interactions, such as those in catalyst fooling or membrane degradation, require more advanced modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a generalized probabilistic framework for analyzing diffusion-reaction dynamics near surfaces.
  • To overcome limitations of current diffusion equations for complex surface reactivity.
  • To provide a unified method for calculating key diffusion-reaction characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a probabilistic approach based on the concept of boundary local time.
  • Reformulating surface-particle interactions as stopping conditions.
  • Deriving analytical expressions for diffusion-reaction characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Unified calculation of propagator, survival probability, first-passage time distribution, and reaction rate.
  • Introduction of a formalism capable of modeling surface reactivity dependent on particle encounters.
  • Demonstration of applicability to phenomena like catalyst fooling and membrane degradation.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed probabilistic framework offers a more comprehensive understanding of diffusion-mediated surface phenomena.
  • This approach enables the modeling of novel surface reaction mechanisms previously intractable.
  • Opens new avenues for optimizing and controlling diffusion processes in diverse scientific and industrial fields.