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In electrical engineering, a lossless transmission line is characterized by a purely imaginary propagation constant and a resistive characteristic impedance. The ABCD parameters, which describe the relationship between the input and output voltages and currents, indicate an equivalent π circuit with an imaginary series impedance and a shunt admittance. This results in a transmission line that, when the product of the phase constant (beta) and the length of the line is less than pi, exhibits...
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Consider a single-phase, two-wire, lossless transmission line terminated by an impedance at the receiving end and a source with Thevenin voltage and impedance at the sending end. The line, with length, has a surge impedance and wave velocity determined by the line's inductance and capacitance.
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Kerker Conditions upon Lossless, Absorption, and Optical Gain Regimes.

Jorge Olmos-Trigo1, Cristina Sanz-Fernández2, Diego R Abujetas1,3

  • 1Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain.

Physical Review Letters
|August 29, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The first Kerker condition for zero backscattering fails with absorption or gain. Optical gain is essential for the second Kerker condition, enabling zero forward light scattering from dielectric spheres.

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Area of Science:

  • * Light scattering phenomena
  • * Dielectric nanophotonics
  • * Electromagnetic wave theory

Background:

  • * The first Kerker condition explains zero optical backscattering in dielectric spheres with in-phase, equal-amplitude electric and magnetic dipole modes.
  • * This condition is typically studied for non-dissipating (lossless) particles.
  • * The influence of absorption or optical gain on this condition was previously unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the impact of absorption and optical gain on the first Kerker condition.
  • * To determine the conditions under which zero optical backscattering can be achieved in the presence of loss or gain.
  • * To establish the prerequisites for the second Kerker condition, which results in zero forward scattering.

Main Methods:

  • * Theoretical analysis of light scattering by dielectric spheres.
  • * Examination of electric and magnetic dipole scattering modes.
  • * Mathematical derivation of conditions for zero backscattering and forward scattering.

Main Results:

  • * Absorption or optical gain prevents the first Kerker condition, thus eliminating zero backscattering.
  • * This effect is independent of particle size, wavelength, and polarization.
  • * The second Kerker condition requires optical gain to achieve zero forward scattering.

Conclusions:

  • * The absence of absorption and gain is critical for achieving zero backscattering via the first Kerker condition.
  • * Optical gain is a necessary condition for realizing zero forward scattering (second Kerker condition).
  • * These findings have implications for designing advanced optical components and meta-surfaces.