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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
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Introduction to Psychological Disorders01:19

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Abnormal behavior, often referred to as mental illness, results from changes in brain function that influence thought patterns, behaviors, and social interactions. Psychologists and psychiatrists typically assess abnormal behavior using three primary criteria: deviance, maladaptation, and personal distress, particularly when these traits persist over long periods.
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Dissociative Identity Disorder01:30

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Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously termed multiple personality disorder, is a complex psychological condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states. Each identity exhibits unique patterns of behavior, voice, and mannerisms and may possess separate memories and emotional responses. The alternating control between identities can result in memory gaps and challenges in recalling daily activities, often exacerbating the individual's...
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Personality disorders represent enduring cognition, affect, and behavior patterns that significantly deviate from societal norms. These maladaptive traits often lead to difficulties in various domains, including interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, and overall psychological well-being. Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are two distinct conditions marked by odd or eccentric behavior.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Symmetric Bihemispheric Postmortem Brain Cutting to Study Healthy and Pathological Brain Conditions in Humans
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Psychological dysfunction accompanying subcortical dementias.

J L Cummings1, D F Benson

  • 1Neurobehavior Unit, West Los Angeles Veterans Administration Medical Center (Brentwood Division), California 90073.

Annual Review of Medicine
|January 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Subcortical dementia, affecting basal ganglia disorders and other conditions, presents with bradyphrenia and executive dysfunction. It differs from Alzheimer

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Subcortical dementia arises from basal ganglia disorders (e.g., Parkinson's, Huntington's) and other conditions like vascular, infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic, and traumatic insults.
  • Key features include bradyphrenia, executive dysfunction, memory recall issues, visuospatial deficits, depression, and apathy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate subcortical dementia from cortical dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease.
  • To highlight the distinct clinical and etiological profiles of subcortical dementia.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical feature analysis of subcortical dementia.
  • Comparison with the syndrome of Alzheimer's disease.
  • Review of supporting electrophysiologic, biochemical, and metabolic studies.

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Main Results:

  • Subcortical dementia is characterized by bradyphrenia, executive impairment, and visuospatial disturbances.
  • Cortical dementia (Alzheimer's type) typically involves aphasia, recognition deficits, and indifference.
  • Distinct clinical presentations support a separation between subcortical and cortical dementia syndromes.

Conclusions:

  • Subcortical dementia and Alzheimer's disease represent distinct syndromes with different underlying pathologies and clinical manifestations.
  • Electrophysiologic, biochemical, and metabolic evidence supports this distinction.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.