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SNARC effect modulated by central executive control: revealed in a cue-based trisection task.

Ping Zhang¹, Bihua Cao², Fuhong Li³

¹School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.

Psychological Research

|September 2, 2020

Summary

The Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect, linking number size to hand response, is modulated by working memory (WM) control. This suggests the SNARC effect is not solely based on long-term experience but is influenced by temporary task demands within WM.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Human Behavior

Background:

The Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect demonstrates faster left-hand responses to small numbers and faster right-hand responses to large numbers.
The origin of the SNARC effect, whether from cultural learning or temporary working memory (WM) associations, remains debated.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if central executive control within WM can modulate the SNARC effect.
To explore the role of task-set switching in influencing the SNARC effect.

Main Methods:

A trisection paradigm was used, categorizing numbers into small (1, 2), middle (4, 5, 6), and large (8, 9).
Participants performed a number comparison task (vs. 3 or 7) following cued task rules.
Task rules (cues) were either repeated or switched across trials to examine set-shifting effects.

Main Results:

The SNARC effect was observed when the task rule cue was switched between trials.
The SNARC effect disappeared in the condition where the task rule cue was repeated.

Conclusions:

The SNARC effect is significantly modulated by central executive control involved in set-shifting within working memory.
These findings support the hypothesis that the SNARC effect is dependent on working memory processes and temporary task associations.